“中國將(jiang)力爭2030年(nian)(nian)前(qian)達(da)到二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)峰(feng)值，努力爭取2060年(nian)(nian)前(qian)實現碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)。”2020年(nian)(nian)9月22日，國家主席習近平在第七十(shi)五屆聯合(he)國大會(hui)一般性辯論上向國際社(she)會(hui)作出碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)的鄭重(zhong)承諾。隨后，全國各地(di)市陸續在2021年(nian)(nian)政府工作報告中明確提(ti)出制(zhi)定(ding)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)”行動方案(an)。

第一，深刻轉變發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian)。要(yao)實(shi)現2030年碳達峰、2060年碳中和(he)目標(biao)(biao)，不僅(jin)僅(jin)需要(yao)在節(jie)能減排降碳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)作出(chu)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)努力，更重要(yao)的(de)是，中國(guo)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、居(ju)民(min)的(de)生活(huo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，甚至組(zu)織(zhi)運行機制，都必須為(wei)此(ci)作出(chu)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)改變和(he)深刻調整。在這場變革中，關鍵要(yao)切實(shi)轉變思(si)想觀念(nian)和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian)，充分(fen)認識降低碳排放(fang)的(de)重大(da)意義。重新審(shen)視城(cheng)市規劃(hua)思(si)路(lu)，將節(jie)能減排降碳作為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)約束(shu)性條件和(he)奮斗目標(biao)(biao)。重新審(shen)視現有(you)產業體系，徹(che)底(di)擺(bai)脫粗放(fang)式(shi)、高能耗(hao)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模式(shi)。積極(ji)倡導簡約適度、綠色低碳生產生活(huo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，培育(yu)綠色、健康(kang)、安全消費習慣。

第二，科學制定(ding)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和”的(de)(de)(de)奮斗(dou)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)和核心指(zhi)標(biao)。有(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)省市(shi)，如東部(bu)沿海(hai)地(di)區，經濟(ji)(ji)比(bi)較發(fa)達(da)、產(chan)業(ye)結構先進(jin)，已經進(jin)入工業(ye)化(hua)后期，有(you)條件率(lv)先實(shi)現(xian)達(da)峰(feng)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。在(zai)具體指(zhi)標(biao)設定(ding)方(fang)面(mian)，不僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)有(you)與節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)直接相關的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)，如二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)和主要(yao)(yao)大氣污染物的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)、萬元生產(chan)總值能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)、工業(ye)用電量等，還要(yao)(yao)有(you)與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)降低(di)(di)倒(dao)逼而來的(de)(de)(de)相關指(zhi)標(biao)，如新(xin)興產(chan)業(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)、非化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)一次(ci)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費比(bi)重(zhong)等產(chan)業(ye)結構、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構指(zhi)標(biao)。在(zai)具體階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)性(xing)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)方(fang)面(mian)，可以設定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發(fa)展、趨(qu)零(ling)(ling)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和四個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。其中(zhong)，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)從(cong)高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)經濟(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)向低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)經濟(ji)(ji)、從(cong)高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)向低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)產(chan)業(ye)、從(cong)高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)向低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、從(cong)高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)向低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)，大幅(fu)降低(di)(di)二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)強度，大幅(fu)提高化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)一次(ci)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費比(bi)重(zhong);低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發(fa)展階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)大幅(fu)度下降，基(ji)本(ben)實(shi)現(xian)低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)產(chan)業(ye)經濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)體系;趨(qu)零(ling)(ling)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)主要(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)特別(bie)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)降至(zhi)趨(qu)于零(ling)(ling)，基(ji)本(ben)實(shi)現(xian)綠色工業(ye)革命;碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)本(ben)建成零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)產(chan)業(ye)、零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)經濟(ji)(ji)、零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)和零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)國家(jia)(jia)。圍繞這四個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，再細(xi)化(hua)到(dao)每個五(wu)年(nian)計劃的(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，并分(fen)解落(luo)實(shi)為各(ge)地(di)方(fang)政府、部(bu)門、園區、企業(ye)、家(jia)(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)責任(ren)。

第三，推進二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳和(he)大(da)(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)協(xie)同(tong)管理(li)。生態環境(jing)部最近對(dui)中國近80個(ge)城市(shi)(shi)的(de)調(diao)研(yan)發現，絕大(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)城市(shi)(shi)的(de)溫室氣(qi)體和(he)大(da)(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)分(fen)(fen)屬(shu)兩(liang)個(ge)部門管理(li)，約有(you)三分(fen)(fen)之二(er)的(de)城市(shi)(shi)沒有(you)實(shi)現二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳和(he)主(zhu)要大(da)(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)的(de)協(xie)同(tong)減(jian)排(pai)。即便是實(shi)現協(xie)同(tong)減(jian)排(pai)的(de)城市(shi)(shi)，大(da)(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)減(jian)排(pai)要求(qiu)也明顯高于(yu)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳減(jian)排(pai)要求(qiu)。因此，要將降低(di)碳排(pai)放(fang)提升到和(he)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治一樣的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)高度，將應對(dui)氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)和(he)生態環境(jing)保護并重，統籌(chou)推進大(da)(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)和(he)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳排(pai)放(fang)協(xie)同(tong)治理(li)，開展(zhan)城市(shi)(shi)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳和(he)大(da)(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)協(xie)同(tong)管理(li)評(ping)估，努力實(shi)現碳達(da)峰和(he)空氣(qi)質量“雙達(da)標”。

第四，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構轉(zhuan)型。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)作為(wei)全世界工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)門(men)類(lei)最(zui)齊全的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家，2020年粗鋼(gang)產(chan)量(liang)達到10.53億噸(dun)，占(zhan)全球比(bi)例達到56.5%，超過美、日、印、俄等其他各國(guo)(guo)之和。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)還是全球最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)石(shi)油(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口國(guo)(guo)，最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)天然氣進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口國(guo)(guo)，最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)煤炭進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口國(guo)(guo)，最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)礦石(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口國(guo)(guo)……甚(shen)至在大(da)(da)量(liang)出口稀土的(de)(de)同時，也(ye)是全球最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)稀土進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口國(guo)(guo)。而(er)這背后，則是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)粗放(fang)(fang)(fang)式發(fa)展和高(gao)(gao)(gao)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)。因(yin)此，有效降(jiang)(jiang)低碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)，必須加快(kuai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構轉(zhuan)型調整。研究出臺“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)”投(tou)資負(fu)面清單，嚴格控制(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)耗能(neng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新增(zeng)產(chan)能(neng)。推(tui)動(dong)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、石(shi)化(hua)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)等高(gao)(gao)(gao)碳(tan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)節能(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)改造(zao)，逐(zhu)步建立(li)(li)以碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)、污(wu)染物排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)、能(neng)耗總量(liang)為(wei)依(yi)據(ju)的(de)(de)存量(liang)約束機制(zhi)。大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)展現代服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)技術產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等綠(lv)色低碳(tan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以高(gao)(gao)(gao)碳(tan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主導產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)省市，要加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)新興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)育，逐(zhu)步降(jiang)(jiang)低對高(gao)(gao)(gao)碳(tan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)賴(lai)，推(tui)動(dong)建立(li)(li)綠(lv)色、低碳(tan)為(wei)導向的(de)(de)全新產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體系。

第五，推(tui)進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構轉型。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經濟總量(liang)(liang)在全球占(zhan)比(bi)約16%，但能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)占(zhan)比(bi)卻達到(dao)23%。2019年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)煤(mei)炭(tan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)總量(liang)(liang)的(de)57.7%，煤(mei)炭(tan)燃燒產生的(de)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放總量(liang)(liang)的(de)70%以(yi)上。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)煤(mei)炭(tan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)總量(liang)(liang)的(de)54%。因此，要加快(kuai)推(tui)進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)以(yi)煤(mei)炭(tan)為(wei)主的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構轉型，盡快(kuai)將非(fei)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在一次能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)比(bi)例提(ti)高至20%及(ji)以(yi)上，有(you)條件(jian)的(de)城市要力(li)(li)爭(zheng)在2030年力(li)(li)爭(zheng)達到(dao)30%甚至40%以(yi)上。加快(kuai)推(tui)進電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構轉型，加速淘汰一小部分老舊的(de)、高污(wu)染和低效(xiao)(xiao)燃煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)廠。同時，盡快(kuai)完善(shan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)雙控(kong)制度(du)，嚴(yan)格控(kong)制能(neng)(neng)耗強度(du)，合理(li)控(kong)制能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)總量(liang)(liang)，建立健(jian)全用(yong)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)算(suan)等管理(li)制度(du)，推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)高效(xiao)(xiao)配置、高效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)用(yong)。

第六(liu)，大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)低碳(tan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)。長期以來(lai)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸業是中國能耗量最大、增長速(su)(su)度最快的行(xing)業。統計數據顯示，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)領域(yu)的碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)占全國終端碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)的15%。未來(lai)五年(nian)中國還將新(xin)增機動(dong)車1億多(duo)(duo)輛，工程(cheng)機械160多(duo)(duo)萬臺。《國家綜合立體(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)網規劃綱要(yao)》明確提(ti)出，推(tui)動(dong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)領域(yu)二氧化(hua)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)盡早(zao)達峰，降低污染物及(ji)溫(wen)室氣體(ti)排(pai)放(fang)強度。要(yao)大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)公共(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)，適(shi)當降低私家車出行(xing)比重。積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)廣多(duo)(duo)式(shi)聯運(yun)、甩(shuai)掛(gua)運(yun)輸等高效率(lv)貨運(yun)方式(shi)，完(wan)善高速(su)(su)公路(lu)電子(zi)不(bu)停車收費(fei)體(ti)系，提(ti)升貨運(yun)效率(lv)。大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)綠色航(hang)運(yun)技術的研發(fa)及(ji)應用，內河航(hang)運(yun)、近海(hai)航(hang)運(yun)的碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)量有望進(jin)一步減(jian)少。利用人工智(zhi)能、5G等新(xin)技術，加快自動(dong)駕駛商用和智(zhi)能交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)普及(ji)，提(ti)高交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)智(zhi)能化(hua)水平，有效緩解(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)擁堵。積(ji)極(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)節能環保汽車和新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車，促進(jin)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)用能清潔化(hua)，減(jian)少用油能耗。

第七(qi)，積(ji)極(ji)發展(zhan)綠(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)是全社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)之一(yi)，根(gen)據政府(fu)間氣候變化(hua)(hua)專門委員會(hui)(IPCC)統計數(shu)據，中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)碳(tan)領域(yu)排(pai)放量占到全國(guo)總碳(tan)排(pai)放量的(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)1/3。伴隨(sui)城市(shi)化(hua)(hua)程度(du)不斷提高，中國(guo)每(mei)年新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)約在20億(yi)平方米。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)中主要是采暖(主要集(ji)中在中國(guo)北方地(di)區(qu))和(he)空(kong)調能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(主要集(ji)中在中國(guo)南方地(di)區(qu))，大部分地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采暖和(he)空(kong)調能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)超過了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)總能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%。要全面實施(shi)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)綠(lv)色設(she)計，將綠(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基本要求納入工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)強(qiang)制規(gui)范。鼓(gu)勵各地(di)因(yin)地(di)制宜，提高政府(fu)投資公(gong)益性建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)大型公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)綠(lv)色等(deng)級，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)超低能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、近(jin)零(ling)(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發展(zhan)，有(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)省市(shi)可率先實現零(ling)(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)和(he)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。結(jie)合城市(shi)更新(xin)(xin)、老舊小區(qu)改(gai)造(zao)等(deng)工作，加(jia)快推(tui)(tui)進具備條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)既有(you)居住建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實施(shi)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)綠(lv)色化(hua)(hua)改(gai)造(zao)，提升存量建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行能(neng)(neng)(neng)效。大力發展(zhan)鋼結(jie)構等(deng)裝(zhuang)配式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)政府(fu)投資工程率先采用綠(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)，逐(zhu)步提高城鎮新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中綠(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)應用比例。積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)(tui)廣建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)合同能(neng)(neng)(neng)源管理，推(tui)(tui)進公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)統計、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源審計及能(neng)(neng)(neng)效公(gong)示。

第八，積極(ji)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業減(jian)排(pai)(pai)。能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燃(ran)燒(shao)是中(zhong)國主要(yao)(yao)的(de)二氧(yang)化碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)部二氧(yang)化碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)的(de)88%左右，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業排(pai)(pai)放(fang)又占(zhan)(zhan)到能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業排(pai)(pai)放(fang)的(de)41%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)承接交(jiao)通(tong)、建筑、工(gong)(gong)業等(deng)(deng)領域(yu)轉移的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消耗和排(pai)(pai)放(fang)，還要(yao)(yao)對(dui)存量化石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)替(ti)代(dai)。因此，推進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)業減(jian)排(pai)(pai)是降低(di)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力(li)(li)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)的(de)關鍵。要(yao)(yao)加快構(gou)建多(duo)元(yuan)化清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應體系，大(da)(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，最(zui)大(da)(da)限(xian)度開發(fa)利用(yong)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，大(da)(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，安全(quan)高效推進(jin)(jin)(jin)沿海核電(dian)(dian)(dian)建設(she)。推進(jin)(jin)(jin)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)靈活性改造，科學(xue)設(she)定煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)達(da)峰目(mu)標，推動(dong)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)更多(duo)承擔系統調(diao)節功能(neng)。加快能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術創新，推進(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)容量高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組、光(guang)伏逆變器(qi)創新突破，加快大(da)(da)容量、高密度、高安全(quan)、低(di)成本儲能(neng)裝置研(yan)制。以電(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，推動(dong)風(feng)光(guang)水(shui)火儲多(duo)能(neng)融合互補、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)冷熱多(duo)元(yuan)聚合互動(dong)，提高整(zheng)體能(neng)效。推動(dong)“以電(dian)(dian)(dian)代(dai)煤(mei)”、“以電(dian)(dian)(dian)代(dai)油(you)”，加快工(gong)(gong)業、建筑、交(jiao)通(tong)等(deng)(deng)重點行(xing)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)代(dai)。

第九，鼓(gu)勵(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建立碳(tan)披(pi)露(lu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。從國(guo)際上(shang)看，碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)披(pi)露(lu)已經成為發達國(guo)家的(de)普(pu)(pu)遍準則。國(guo)際上(shang)多個非政(zheng)府組織，如碳(tan)信(xin)息(xi)披(pi)露(lu)項目(CDP)、加州(zhou)氣候(hou)行(xing)動聯盟(CCAR)、可(ke)持續(xu)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)論壇、氣候(hou)披(pi)露(lu)標準委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(CDSB)、普(pu)(pu)華(hua)永道會(hui)(hui)計(ji)公(gong)司、氣候(hou)風險披(pi)露(lu)倡議(CRDI)等，均發布了(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)碳(tan)信(xin)息(xi)披(pi)露(lu)指(zhi)導或(huo)框架，很多企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)愿(yuan)加入(ru)并披(pi)露(lu)相關信(xin)息(xi)。中國(guo)于2021年2月1日起(qi)施(shi)行(xing)的(de)《碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)權(quan)交易管理辦法(fa)(試行(xing))》中也規定，重點排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)單(dan)位編制(zhi)的(de)年度(du)(du)溫室(shi)(shi)氣體(ti)(ti)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)報(bao)告應當定期(qi)公(gong)開，接受社(she)會(hui)(hui)監督。要加快(kuai)建立強制(zhi)與自(zi)愿(yuan)相結(jie)合的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)碳(tan)披(pi)露(lu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，鼓(gu)勵(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)愿(yuan)性碳(tan)信(xin)息(xi)披(pi)露(lu)。鼓(gu)勵(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將溫室(shi)(shi)氣體(ti)(ti)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)信(xin)息(xi)納入(ru)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)年度(du)(du)環(huan)境報(bao)告、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)年度(du)(du)社(she)會(hui)(hui)責任報(bao)告或(huo)上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司環(huan)境信(xin)息(xi)披(pi)露(lu)報(bao)告，提高(gao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)和碳(tan)資(zi)產管理意(yi)識。國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司、納入(ru)碳(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)權(quan)交易市(shi)場的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)要率先公(gong)布溫室(shi)(shi)氣體(ti)(ti)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)信(xin)息(xi)和控排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)行(xing)動措施(shi)。

第十(shi)，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)綠(lv)色低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)。3月15日召開(kai)的(de)中央財(cai)經(jing)委員會(hui)第九次會(hui)議(yi)指出，要推(tui)動綠(lv)色低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)實現重(zhong)大(da)(da)突破，抓(zhua)緊部署低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)前沿(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究，加快(kuai)推(tui)廣應用減污降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，建(jian)立完善(shan)綠(lv)色低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)評估、交易體(ti)系和(he)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創新(xin)(xin)服務(wu)平(ping)臺。目(mu)前，中國已在二氧化碳(tan)(tan)(tan)捕集、利(li)用與封存(cun)(CCUS)，膜(mo)法碳(tan)(tan)(tan)捕集技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)等(deng)(deng)離(li)激元人(ren)工光合技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)綠(lv)色低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)前沿(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)方面做了(le)很多工作，并取得顯著進(jin)(jin)展。要加快(kuai)實施綠(lv)色技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)攻(gong)關行(xing)動，圍(wei)繞節能(neng)環保、清潔(jie)生產、清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)等(deng)(deng)領域布局一批(pi)(pi)前瞻性、戰略性、顛覆性科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)攻(gong)關項(xiang)目(mu)，大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)展生物碳(tan)(tan)(tan)匯、森林碳(tan)(tan)(tan)匯、CCUS等(deng)(deng)各(ge)種碳(tan)(tan)(tan)移除(chu)和(he)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)利(li)用技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，加快(kuai)研發(fa)和(he)儲備(bei)零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放生產、儲能(neng)、氫(qing)能(neng)等(deng)(deng)替代能(neng)源(yuan)等(deng)(deng)一批(pi)(pi)重(zhong)大(da)(da)戰略技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。支持(chi)企業整合高校、科研院所、產業園區等(deng)(deng)力(li)量建(jian)立市(shi)(shi)場化運(yun)行(xing)的(de)綠(lv)色技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)聯合體(ti)，鼓勵(li)企業牽(qian)頭(tou)或參與財(cai)政資金(jin)支持(chi)的(de)綠(lv)色技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研發(fa)項(xiang)目(mu)、市(shi)(shi)場導向明(ming)確的(de)綠(lv)色技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)項(xiang)目(mu)。

第(di)十一(yi)，大力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)。發展(zhan)(zhan)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)是降低(di)碳排放(fang)、從根(gen)本(ben)上減輕環(huan)境(jing)污染的(de)有(you)效途徑。黨的(de)十九大報(bao)告指出，要推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)綠色發展(zhan)(zhan)，建(jian)立健全綠色低(di)碳循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體系。當前，中國循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)尚處(chu)于起步階段，要以減量化、再(zai)利(li)用(yong)和(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化為導向(xiang)，加快完善循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)條，推(tui)(tui)(tui)動形成產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)耦合(he)。大力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)節(jie)約(yue)降耗，在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、建(jian)設、流(liu)通(tong)和(he)消(xiao)費(fei)各(ge)領域節(jie)約(yue)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，減少(shao)自然資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)消(xiao)耗。全面推(tui)(tui)(tui)行(xing)清潔生產(chan)(chan)(chan)，從源(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou)減少(shao)廢物(wu)(wu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生，實現由(you)末端(duan)治理(li)向(xiang)污染預防和(he)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)全過程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)轉變。積(ji)極開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)，最大程(cheng)度實現廢物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化和(he)再(zai)生資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)回收(shou)利(li)用(yong)。推(tui)(tui)(tui)動重點行(xing)業(ye)合(he)理(li)延長產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)，加強(qiang)對(dui)各(ge)類(lei)廢物(wu)(wu)的(de)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)利(li)用(yong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)企(qi)業(ye)廢物(wu)(wu)“零排放(fang)”。大力(li)回收(shou)和(he)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)利(li)用(yong)各(ge)種廢舊(jiu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，支持廢舊(jiu)機電產(chan)(chan)(chan)品再(zai)制(zhi)造。

第十二，積極推(tui)動(dong)(dong)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)。要以工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)、大型公共建(jian)(jian)筑等(deng)(deng)為(wei)重點(dian)，加快推(tui)動(dong)(dong)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)，推(tui)進(jin)清(qing)潔(jie)智慧(hui)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設，因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、微網、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)、需求側響應等(deng)(deng)智慧(hui)高效用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)模式(shi)，積極拓展(zhan)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)診斷、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)(ti)升、多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供應等(deng)(deng)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、交通、建(jian)(jian)筑等(deng)(deng)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)場景(jing)的智慧(hui)化(hua)(hua)和(he)綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)提(ti)(ti)升，助力提(ti)(ti)升全社會終端用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效率。支(zhi)持新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎設施、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)規劃建(jian)(jian)設和(he)推(tui)廣應用，鼓勵相關單位積極探索5G、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁、數據中心、分(fen)布式(shi)光伏、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合一(yi)體站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設。推(tui)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲(chu)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)，在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)富集區(qu)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)等(deng)(deng)地(di)區(qu)，因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)建(jian)(jian)設“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網儲(chu)+冶金/化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)/建(jian)(jian)材”“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網儲(chu)+大數據中心”等(deng)(deng)新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)，“余(yu)熱(re)余(yu)壓等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回收(shou)及綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合利(li)用”等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合利(li)用工(gong)(gong)程，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、熱(re)、冷多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)協同供應和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合梯級利(li)用。打造(zao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數字經濟平臺(tai)，全面(mian)接入煤、油、氣、電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數據，匯聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)全產業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)信息(xi)，支(zhi)持碳(tan)資(zi)產管理、碳(tan)交易、綠證交易、綠色(se)金融等(deng)(deng)新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域數字經濟發(fa)展(zhan)，構建(jian)(jian)智慧(hui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系。

第十三，強化(hua)(hua)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)工具引(yin)(yin)導。推(tui)(tui)進(jin)節能降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，需要盡快完善碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)相(xiang)關制(zhi)度和政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)體系。比如，加(jia)快推(tui)(tui)進(jin)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)交(jiao)易(yi)市場(chang)建設，深入開展碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放報告核查、配(pei)額(e)分配(pei)和能力建設等工作。將碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)交(jiao)易(yi)、氣候(hou)投融資、能源轉型基金(jin)、“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和”促進(jin)法等政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，引(yin)(yin)導碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)。同(tong)時，積極(ji)探(tan)索對二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放開征碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)稅，設立“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)稅”新(xin)稅種或在(zai)現(xian)有的環(huan)境保護稅中新(xin)設置“二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”稅目，明確征收范圍(wei)和征稅環(huan)節，實行低稅率起步、分步動態調(diao)整(zheng)、保持(chi)宏觀(guan)稅負(fu)穩定。同(tong)時，做好(hao)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)稅與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)交(jiao)易(yi)等政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)之間的協調(diao)，實現(xian)二者在(zai)調(diao)控力度上的大體一致。