車(che)間辦公室審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)主要涉及車(che)間領導(dao)和(he)部分管理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan),審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)內容(rong)是了解(jie)車(che)間的組織結構、人員(yuan)(yuan)構成、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)特點和(he)工藝流程(cheng)。通過(guo)交(jiao)談、查閱文件資(zi)料(liao),了解(jie)企業質量方針貫徹情況(kuang)(kuang)、質量職責落(luo)實(shi)情況(kuang)(kuang)、文件資(zi)料(liao)控制(zhi)情況(kuang)(kuang)和(he)現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)綜合情況(kuang)(kuang),確定(ding)現(xian)場(chang)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)的具體(ti)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)關鍵工序,記錄一(yi)些(xie)需要在現(xian)場(chang)核(he)(he)(he)對、驗證的一(yi)些(xie)管理(li)規(gui)定(ding)、質量特性、工藝參(can)數(shu)和(he)其它(ta)重要事項,為(wei)現(xian)場(chang)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)作好準備(bei)。車(che)間辦公室審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)要點一(yi)般包括(kuo)以(yi)下內容(rong):
1、向車間(jian)領導(dao)和管理人員詢(xun)問(wen)企業質量方針(zhen)、目標的內容、宣貫(guan)方式(shi)和宣貫(guan)效果,詢(xun)問(wen)質量方針(zhen)、目標的內涵看是(shi)否(fou)與宣貫(guan)文件一致。了解(jie)企業質量目標在本車間(jian)怎(zen)樣(yang)落(luo)實,有哪些具體指標,完成情況(kuang)及發展趨勢怎(zen)樣(yang),存(cun)在哪些問(wen)題,準備怎(zen)樣(yang)解(jie)決。
2、向車(che)間領導了(le)解本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)間組織結構(gou)、人(ren)員構(gou)成(cheng)、產(chan)品特點和(he)工(gong)藝流程情況,了(le)解本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)間主要(yao)承擔(dan)哪些(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量體(ti)系要(yao)素,還(huan)涉及哪些(xie)(xie)要(yao)素,這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)活動是(shi)否和(he)怎樣(yang)具體(ti)落實(shi)到本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)間哪些(xie)(xie)崗位(wei)(wei)(wei),崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)責(ze)是(shi)否涵蓋了(le)這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)要(yao)素并形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)文(wen)件(jian)。對(dui)照崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)責(ze)文(wen)件(jian),看(kan)涉及本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)間的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量活動在各類人(ren)員崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)責(ze)中有無漏(lou)項。詢問在場的有關人(ren)員看(kan)是(shi)否熟(shu)悉本(ben)(ben)(ben)人(ren)的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量職(zhi)責(ze)、工(gong)作接(jie)口(kou)和(he)相關的體(ti)系文(wen)件(jian)。
3、要求車(che)間提(ti)供受(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)清單和(he)收發文(wen)記錄,了解(jie)本車(che)間受(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類和(he)范圍(wei),看車(che)間所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)與質量(liang)體系運(yun)行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)各(ge)場所(suo)是(shi)否都能夠得到相應文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)版本。從受(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)清單中抽查(cha)(cha)3—5種(zhong)體系文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、管理文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、產品圖樣和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝規程,看是(shi)否有(you)(you)(you)受(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)標(biao)識(如(ru):文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)編(bian)號、部門標(biao)志或(huo)受(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)印章(zhang)),編(bian)、審、批(pi)手續(xu)是(shi)否完整。查(cha)(cha)閱圖紙(zhi)看有(you)(you)(you)無標(biao)注關(guan)鍵或(huo)重要質量(liang)特性(xing)和(he)驗收準(zhun)則,工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)要求是(shi)否與圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)要求一(yi)致并(bing)能有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)指導生產。看文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)無更(geng)改(gai),是(shi)否按(an)規定的(de)(de)程序(xu)(xu)由授權人(ren)更(geng)改(gai)。看有(you)(you)(you)無受(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)清單外的(de)(de)其他過期(qi)失效(xiao)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。對(dui)臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝更(geng)改(gai)通知,看是(shi)否經(jing)過批(pi)準(zhun)和(he)有(you)(you)(you)無批(pi)次(ci)或(huo)期(qi)限(xian)要求。了解(jie)有(you)(you)(you)無留作參考的(de)(de)作廢(fei)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian),看是(shi)否加蓋了“作廢(fei)留用”印章(zhang)以防止誤用。詢問本車(che)間有(you)(you)(you)無關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)或(huo)特殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu),記錄必(bi)要的(de)(de)質量(liang)特性(xing)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝參數和(he)設備(bei)號以備(bei)現場核對(dui)。
4、詢問車(che)間(jian)現(xian)場工藝(yi)文件貫徹(che)執行情況,要求提供關于工藝(yi)紀律檢(jian)查的文件和記錄(lu)。了(le)解車(che)間(jian)工藝(yi)紀律檢(jian)查怎樣(yang)(yang)組織,由誰參(can)加,檢(jian)查的頻次,發現(xian)了(le)哪(na)些情況,采(cai)取了(le)哪(na)些措施(shi),效果怎樣(yang)(yang)。
5、詢問車(che)間有(you)哪些生產(chan)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei),其中哪些是關鍵設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)或質控(kong)點設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)?車(che)間哪位(wei)領導主管(guan)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)管(guan)理,有(you)無專業(ye)維修人員,設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)大修、精度檢修和潤滑是否(fou)按規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)時間進(jin)行,計劃(hua)調整(zheng)是否(fou)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)授權領導或部門批準(zhun),經(jing)(jing)過(guo)批準(zhun)延期使用的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)有(you)無相應的(de)(de)防范(fan)措施,設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)日常維護(hu)保(bao)養怎樣(yang)實施,有(you)無驗收標準(zhun),有(you)無定(ding)用檢查(cha)的(de)(de)記錄(lu)。
6、詢問車間不合格品控(kong)制和糾正(zheng)措施實(shi)施情況,要求提(ti)供有(you)關(guan)超差(cha)讓步使(shi)用的評審記錄,看評審的程(cheng)序(xu)和批準是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)符(fu)合規(gui)定(ding)要求,合同條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)經(jing)過(guo)顧(gu)客同意;非合同條件(jian)下(xia)(xia),當影響下(xia)(xia)工(gong)序(xu)作業時,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)通知了(le)(le)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)序(xu)以便采取相(xiang)應(ying)措施。有(you)無重復發生的質量問題(ti)和用戶質量投訴,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)行了(le)(le)不合格原因調查并采取了(le)(le)糾正(zheng)預防措施,措施是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)規(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)責任人和完成(cheng)期限(xian),效(xiao)果是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)經(jing)過(guo)驗證,措施能否(fou)(fou)(fou)防止同類問題(ti)的再發生,對行之有(you)效(xiao)的措施是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)納入(ru)了(le)(le)有(you)關(guan)技術(shu)或管(guan)理文(wen)件(jian)。
7、詢問車(che)間哪位領導負責教育培(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)作,怎(zen)樣(yang)(yang)根據需求安排培(pei)訓(xun)內容,培(pei)訓(xun)計(ji)劃執行(xing)怎(zen)樣(yang)(yang),關鍵(jian)工(gong)序、特殊工(gong)序、新進(jin)廠工(gong)人、轉崗工(gong)人是否都進(jin)行(xing)了(le)相應內容的(de)培(pei)訓(xun)。在哪些(xie)工(gong)序或場合使用了(le)哪些(xie)統(tong)計(ji)技術,效果(guo)怎(zen)樣(yang)(yang)。
生產(chan)現場審核要點
生產現場審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)內容主要是對(dui)辦(ban)公室審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)發現的問題(ti)線索進行追溯跟蹤,對(dui)需要重(zhong)點審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)的關鍵工序,特殊工序進行驗證(zheng),對(dui)在辦(ban)公室審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)記(ji)錄的一些(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)特性(xing)、工藝多(duo)數和一些(xie)重(zhong)要規(gui)定進行核(he)(he)(he)實,通過觀察、測量(liang)等(deng)方式對(dui)車間(jian)現場質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制的有效性(xing)作出評價,為質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)改進提供信息和機會。審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)要點如下(xia):
1、根(gen)據在交談和查(cha)閱資料過程中發現的(de)問(wen)題(ti)線索(suo),利用順序跟蹤或(huo)逆向追溯的(de)方法,收集客觀證據,依(yi)據問(wen)題(ti)查(cha)管(guan)理,觀察在哪(na)些(xie)管(guan)理環節失控而導致(zhi)了問(wen)題(ti)的(de)產生,從而為采取糾正(zheng)措施(shi)提供依(yi)據。
2、驗(yan)(yan)證車間關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)序受(shou)控(kong)(kong)情況(kuang),首先看是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)按(an)(an)質(zhi)控(kong)(kong)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定進行(xing)管理,有(you)(you)無質(zhi)控(kong)(kong)點(dian)文(wen)件,文(wen)件是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)對(dui)影響質(zhi)量特性的(de)(de)(de)主要因(yin)素(su)分(fen)層(ceng)展(zhan)開分(fen)析并(bing)采(cai)取了(le)(le)相應的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施。看作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)指導書(shu)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)對(dui)質(zhi)量要求、作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)方法(fa)、檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)手段、檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)方法(fa)和頻次作(zuo)(zuo)出規(gui)(gui)定。觀(guan)過(guo)交談(tan)、觀(guan)察(cha)了(le)(le)解操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)對(dui)文(wen)件規(gui)(gui)定是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)熟悉,并(bing)按(an)(an)規(gui)(gui)定操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。查看設備、工(gong)(gong)裝點(dian)檢(jian)表,看作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)前是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)對(dui)設備、工(gong)(gong)裝進行(xing)了(le)(le)檢(jian)查,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)定期進行(xing)精度檢(jian)修(xiu),發現的(de)(de)(de)問題是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)及(ji)時解決。查看所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測器具能否(fou)(fou)滿足工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)要求,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)定期校準,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)超期使(shi)用(yong).是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)對(dui)質(zhi)量數(shu)據進行(xing)記錄,質(zhi)量記錄的(de)(de)(de)填寫是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)作(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)了(le)(le)真實、完整、準確、清(qing)晰,并(bing)采(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)適宜的(de)(de)(de)統計(ji)技(ji)術以及(ji)統計(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)正確。
3、驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)特殊(shu)(shu)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)情況(kuang),機械行業(ye)的(de)特殊(shu)(shu)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)主要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)鑄造、鍛(duan)造、熱處理、油漆、焊(han)(han)接等(deng)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu).首先要(yao)(yao)看設(she)備(bei)能否(fou)滿足工(gong)藝要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),是否(fou)定期進(jin)(jin)行修理和維(wei)護,有(you)無驗(yan)(yan)收確認(ren)的(de)記錄。然后要(yao)(yao)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)是否(fou)對規定的(de)工(gong)藝參(can)數(shu)進(jin)(jin)行了監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),鑄造工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)砂(sha)型(xing)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)、澆鑄溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)、澆鑄時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、澆鑄進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du);鍛(duan)造工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)始(shi)鍛(duan)和終鍛(duan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du):熱處理要(yao)(yao)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流,升溫(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、升溫(wen)速度(du)(du)(du)、保溫(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、出(chu)爐溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)以及(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)介質的(de)化學成分(fen);油漆工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)壓(ya)縮空氣壓(ya)力、油漆粘度(du)(du)(du)、烘干時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和烘干濕度(du)(du)(du)等(deng);焊(han)(han)接工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流及(ji)焊(han)(han)材受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)情況(kuang)。特殊(shu)(shu)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)不僅要(yao)(yao)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)藝參(can)數(shu),而且還要(yao)(yao)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)這些參(can)數(shu)的(de)檢測試驗(yan)(yan)設(she)備(bei)是否(fou)處于(yu)受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀(zhuang)態(tai),有(you)無鑒(jian)別(bie)過(guo)程結果的(de)技(ji)藝規定準則(ze),以及(ji)從事(shi)特殊(shu)(shu)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)作(zuo)業(ye)人員(yuan)的(de)崗位培訓和資格認(ren)可情況(kuang)。
4、除對(dui)關鍵工(gong)(gong)序和(he)(he)(he)特殊工(gong)(gong)序受控情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)外(wai),還應關注現場其(qi)它(ta)(ta)方(fang)面(mian)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),例如(ru)了解其(qi)它(ta)(ta)工(gong)(gong)序操作(zuo)者持證(zheng)上崗(gang)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),對(dui)工(gong)(gong)藝文件(jian)熟悉情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)按工(gong)(gong)藝操作(zuo)。在(zai)多(duo)品(pin)種大(da)批量(liang)生產車間(jian),應觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)對(dui)外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)相(xiang)似而用(yong)途(tu)不(bu)同的(de)(de)產品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了區別際識(shi)(shi):在(zai)裝配(pei)車間(jian)對(dui)有(you)配(pei)組、配(pei)對(dui)裝配(pei)的(de)(de)零件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)標識(shi)(shi)以(yi)防止錯用(yong)、混用(yong),對(dui)來(lai)自不(bu)同分承(cheng)包方(fang)的(de)(de)同種產品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)讓步(bu)使用(yong)產品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)可追(zhui)溯性(xing)標識(shi)(shi)。觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)自檢(jian)(jian)、首檢(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian).看最終檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)文件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為有(you)效版本,看是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)項目、驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)標準(zhun)、檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)手段(duan)和(he)(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)法、檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)記錄(lu)、檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)程和(he)(he)(he)產品(pin)出廠技術(shu)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)內容(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)一致(zhi)。對(dui)不(bu)合格(ge)品(pin)看是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了隔(ge)離、標識(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)權限進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)評審。對(dui)返(fan)工(gong)(gong)返(fan)修產品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)重新檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)并做(zuo)相(xiang)應記錄(lu)。要(yao)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)記錄(lu)的(de)(de)真(zhen)實性(xing)、完整性(xing)以(yi)及是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)授權檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)人員簽(qian)名(ming)和(he)(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)日期(qi),要(yao)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)人員持證(zheng)上崗(gang)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),注冊資格(ge)證(zheng)書注明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)種與(yu)實際工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)。要(yao)觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)作(zuo)業環境的(de)(de)溫度、濕度、粉塵(chen)、照明(ming)(ming)、通風(feng)等情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)起否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)符合有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定(ding),觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)具有(you)精(jing)度要(yao)求的(de)(de)零件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)工(gong)(gong)位器具,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)落地(di)存放,搬運時是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)野蠻裝卸,能否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)防止磕碰劃傷,在(zai)車間(jian)半成品(pin)庫貯存的(de)(de)產品(pin),看貯存條(tiao)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)符合規(gui)(gui)定(ding)要(yao)求,能否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)防止混料、銹蝕、損壞和(he)(he)(he)丟(diu)失等情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)發(fa)生。